The diet is a diagnosis

It is possible to exhaust as much as necessary with physical activities, however the best way to dump excess weight - a diet. So was considered until recently, while the American psychologists - professor Trejsi of God-sends and its colleague from university of California in Los Angeles have not proved what to sit on diets senselessly and even is harmful.

Arguments powerful - from 30 to 60 % growing thin not only return the lost weight, but even it increase. And periodic fluctuations of weight are fraught with diseases of cardiovascular system, decrease in immunity and metabolism infringement, up to a diabetes.

But after all if people have thought up diets, means, it was necessary to someone. We will try to understand to whom and, the main thing, what for. Also what now with all it to do?

With what diets have begun

The most ancient diet considers «пифагорова». On it followers of the great philosopher sat. By an example of the teacher they avoided products of an animal origin and beans. However, to growing thin this diet had no relation. The problem a minimum - to relieve of gases in a stomach, the problem a maximum - to provide a paradise life after death.

More рационалистичным there was a father of medicine Гиппократ. In the treatise «About a diet» he has assumed, that there is all is unhealthy successively: the diet should be selected individually depending on age of the person, its state of health, a trade, a residence and a season. Roman doctor Asklepiad, the founder of dietology as sciences, has gone further away. He assured, that any illnesses can be cured by means of eutrophy. And here its fellow countryman Galen though too was the doctor, considered a diet only as way to live according to instructions of stars and elements. In its opinion, the main task of the balanced food was to create balance of liquids (blood, slime, yellow bile and black bile) in an organism. We would name it «a diet on temperament». "Hot" products, for example, an onions and garlic were recommended to phlegmatic people; to choleric persons, on the contrary, they were is counter-indicative supposedly they and without that are quick-tempered. Галену diets on a horoscope which have not lost popularity till now belong also.

Diets for growing thin - the invention rather new. To it from force of years two hundred. Initially they were only way of struggle against extreme degree of adiposity, and general hobby became only after the Second World War with the advent of new standards of female beauty.

By the way, to "measure" a diet by calories scientists have thought up only in the XX-th century beginning, chemists from Jelsky University were trailblazers. Thanks them big from all sitting on Kremlin and other очковых diets!

Known диетоманы

The king

Under the certificate of historians, Wilhelm-conqueror, the king of England игерцог Normandy, has terribly grown plump, as soon as to it has passed for fifty. The monarch had to go on an a diet, but at all from beauty and aesthetics reasons - a body prevented to scramble to Wilhelm on a horse. The king has completely refused food and, on call of Norman blood, has passed to alcohol. It has helped it to dump weight a little. He has climbed up a horse, but whether being drunk, whether from undereating kept in a saddle already rather weakly, and has fallen down from a horse, paternal and has died, hardly having held on to sixty.

The poet

The known poet and сердцеед lord George Gordon Byron in eighteen years weighed 90 kg at growth of 174 sm, the kind had quite blossoming and very much in this occasion was upset. He dreamt to resemble the heroes - the pale, exhausted young men dying of a melancholy consuming them.

Physical exercises and refusal of food have helped Byron to grow thin, and here the consumptive complexion in any way did not come in the stead of a healthy flush. And then the poet began to soak food in vinegar. To its example numerous fans have followed, however Byron's dietary enthusiasm has run low quickly enough. In six years "melancholiac" has again grown fat and has wallowed in carnal amusements.

Funeral affairs the master

In the middle of XIX century in England of veins-was master William Banting very thick and sick funeral affairs. He could not grow thin and recover in any way, and already has almost despaired, when the doctor has recommended it a strict diet: without bread, oil, milk, sugar, beer and a potato.

As a result of Бантинг has dumped almost thirty kgs, to feel became much better and on pleasures has published the work «the Letter on fatness» in which branded adiposity as the most terrible illness. Having to medicine rather remote relation, Бантинг has put forward a hypothesis, that macaroni and a potato, being digested, are postponed on a body by fatty layers. Since then the word «бантинг» («bant» in a translation from English «to be engaged in medical starvation») became nominal - so named the first безуглеводную a diet.

To grow thin on a science

Here only it is not necessary to confuse dietetic therapy (язвенников, аллергиков, etc.) and popular (and not so) похудательные diets. The science the dietology is engaged in the first, the second is closer to hygiene of a food. Too to a science. In both advanced achievements of medicine, biochemistry and physiology are used. Both there, and there diets steal up individually. But wishing to correct the weight quickly and without special efforts, frequently do not consult to experts, and make the diet, being based on intuition, speculative councils in fashionable magazines and experience of acquaintances.

They think approximately so: I will sit down on kefir or on fruit, and I will grow thin at once and for a long time. Alas, after such experiments with self some get to hospital chambers.

However the most important minus of "simple" diets: their availability provokes girls to grow thin with unstable mentality indefinitely. Concern in a body weight becomes obsession (in textbooks on psychiatry it is called грацидоманией) or develops into a neurosis.

Today at all on hearing terrible histories about the models who have died of an anorexia, and how many unknown very young girls are treated in psychiatric clinics without hope of success? It is terrible to present...

So, express diets are harmful, but it would be desirable to become more harmonous very much. What to do? Correctly to eat or as clever people speak to correct food behaviour.

That it means personally for you, the doctor-dietician will prompt. But there is also a ten-one and a half principles, observing which, the healthy person can normalise the weight.

1. Accept for itself one simple thing: all short-term yields short-term result. If you have decided to get rid for ever of excess weight, it is necessary to change the habits. For ever!

2. First time it is necessary to consider calories. Not to get fat and even it is a little to grow thin, it is enough to consume about 2000-2500 calories in day. It at mental work, at physical - it is possible to throw with one thousand-one and a half.

3. The meal should be tasty and various. Ideal structure of food: fibers (30 %), fats (14 %) and carbohydrates (56 %).

4. Limit itself in sweets - rolls and sweets. Carbohydrates can be received from vegetables, fruit and groats.

5. Let it also is banal, BUT. Try to salt less food is will help to deduce superfluous water from an organism.

6. Forget about products which advertise on the TV more often: mayonnaise, chips and sweet aerated water - you will not believe, how many in them of calories.

7. Boiled it is more useful fried, fresh it is more useful boiled, and canned food, in general, are not so useful.

8. Do not forget about vitamins and microcells. If it is not enough of them in food, accept chemist's preparations. Also remember: the lack of chrome of an organism can become the reason of "causeless hunger».

9. Have not a bite quickly, do not chew anything between times, do not eat in front of the TV or in front of the computer - from it the conditioned reflex is developed. You do not wish to allocate at the sight of the blue screen a saliva, how dog Павлова?

10. Listen to the biorhythms, establish a diet, and do not break it. It is good, if the first food intake is necessary on 8-9 o'clock in the morning and makes about third of daily allowance калоража. 13-14 hours - are a high time to have dinner and accept 40 % of the calculated calories, and to have supper it is necessary at 17-18 o'clock. 2-3 hours prior to a withdrawal to a dream it is possible to drink a juice or kefir glass, to eat a portion of fruit or vegetable salad. To overeat for the night harmfully not only for a figure, but also for health: it is a true way to a sleeplessness and a gastritis.

11. Days of limited intake of food (on kefir, fruit or water) have the right to existence, but not more often once a month!

12. Avoid exotic. That is good for the Japanese, the Indian or the Frenchman for the average Russian can turn back sad consequences. It is not necessary to test itself seafood or overseas spices. It often leads to undesirable reorganisations of a metabolism and is fraught, for example, with frustration of digestion and occurrence of eels.

13. Do not put to itself rigid terms and frameworks, for example, to grow thin to holiday at any cost. Let all goes, as goes.

If very much it would be desirable to eat a cake, do not refuse to itself in such pleasure, differently once you will lose fight with the whole pie.

14. If, eating correctly, you feel constant hunger, pulls on sweet, has appeared night жор or the mood on zero is simple, it is necessary to address to the psychologist. Probably, the reason of your excess weight was not in a plate, and in a head.

And if all attempts to eat correctly come to an end with failure, it is necessary to descend to the doctor-dietician.